Lock.



S. NowosIELsKY.

LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.3I, I9I4.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Patented Nov. 28, 1916..

www@

WLM/Leases:

S. NOWOSIELSKY.

LOCK.

APPLICATION 11150056.31. 1914.

1,206,724. Patented Nov. 28, 1916.

3 'SHEETS-SHEET 2.

5 nu@ wie@ w @13 hin flitozwm' i Patented Nov. 28, 1916.

S. NOWOSIELSKY.

LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED DELHI. I9I4.

STANISLAW NVJOSIELSKY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

LOCK.

recense.

Specification of Letters Patent.

praemien Nev. 2s, 191e.

Application :tiled Eecember 31, 191s. Serial No. 879,836.

To all tri/1,0m t may concern.'

Ee it known that l, SrANrsLnw NowosInL- emr, a subject of the Czar of Russia, residing at N ew York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, iave invented new and useful improvements in Locks, of which the following is a specification.

use, and specifically to locks operated by keys and Vyet possessing some ot the attributes of combination locksgthat is to say the combination is madevin two parts mating` each other, one of said parts being housed within the lock casing and the other carried by and incorporated within the structure or the key, so that a particular' look can not be operated except by a particular key.

among objects sought to be accomplished by my invention are the following-I. To lit the two mating part-s of the combination to each other by first shaping the part carried by the key so as tol give the same a predetermined arbitrary form, and then shaping the part housed within the lock casing so as to bring it intoconformity with the key. Il. To increase the difliculty ot' operating the lock without exact knowledge of the combination, andto increase the difficulty of ascertaining the'combination, by giving an asymmetrical form ktothe active parts of the combination usedv for controlling movements of the bolt. IH. To increase the range oi' combinations possible, other things being equal, so that a lock of small size may have its combination changed a considerable number of times, or a large number of such locks, alike except asto the combinations employed, may be each responsive to its individual key and toy no other key. IV. To simplify the lock mechanism and give the same, suitable i'orm for use in a vast multitude of locks, used -for widely divergent purposes. V. VTo improve the general eliciency of the lock, and to cheapen the cost of its manufacture.

Reference is made to the accompanying drawings .forming a part ot this specification, and in which like letters indicate like parts. v p

Figure 1 is a vertical section onthe line 1 1 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows, and showing one form of the lock casing and some of the mechanism therein. Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken approximately on the line 2 2 of Fig. l,

My invention relates toV locks for general looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary elevation showing the inner face of a door to which the lock is applied. F ig. #l is a. side elevation of the same, disclosing one edge ci the door., Fig. 5 is aV fragmentary section of the line 5 5 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows but showing the key inserted within the lock. Fig. 6 is airagmentary elevation of the key, showing a pair of ward sectors detachably secured thereto and each serving as an actuating part of the lock combination. Fig. '7 is'an inverted plan of the mechanism shown in Fig. G. Fig. 8 is a detail, showing one of the dolly pins and its immediate surroundings. Fig. 9 is a Jiront elevation of a sector located within the lock casing and carrying teeth'which are staggered to form a labyrinth, the latter being part of the lock combination. Fig. 10 is an inverted plan of the labyrinth sector shown in Fig. 9. Fig. l0a is a fragmentary elevation of the rocking barrel of the lock, carrying loose dolly pins provided with portions co-acting with the ward sectors, and with other portions co-acting with the labyrinth, all for the purpose of enabling the ward sectors'of the key to control rocking movements of the rocking shaft oi the lock. Fig. 11 is an inverted plan showing a form oit' labyrinth sector difiering slightly from the one. shown in Figs. 9 and 10. Fig. 11a is a view somewhat similar to F ig. 1021, but showing the dolly pins and parts carried therebY as arranged for use with the labyrinth sector shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 12 is a perspective showing my improved lock adapted for use as a padlock.

Fig. 13 is a section through the padlock, taken on the line 13-13 of Fig. 15, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 1li is a section through the padlock, taken on the line l/'T-l-l of Fig. 15, looking in the'direction of the arrows and showing the key inserted. Fig. 15 is a section through Vthe padlock, taken on the line 15-15 of Fig. 13, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 16 is a fragmentary perspective of a sliding bolt and hasp used on parts of the padlock.

A door is shown at 17 yand a jamb at 18, the latter being provided with a face plate `20 and also with a passage 21 extending through this face plate and adapted for registry with the bolt pocket 19. The lock casing appears at 22, and may have an?" desired form. In this instance it has the form of a short cylinder provided with a head 23, the latter being sunken flush with the inner face of the door, as indicated in Fig. 2. rIhe casing is further provided with a head 24 which has a thickened portion 242L integral with it and serving to support the lrey when the latter is inserted into the casing, as hereinafter' described.

The casing is provided with a web 25 extending across it after the manner of a chord, and integral with this web is a massive portion 25a serving as a shoulder. A sliding bolt 26 rests upon theJ web 25 and is stopped in one direction of its thrust by lodging against the shoulder 25a. When the bolt is moved away from the shoulder 25a it extends into the bolt pocket 19 and thus locks the door.

For the purpose of actuating the bolt l provide it with rack teeth 2". Meshing with these rack teeth are gear teeth 2S which are integral with a barrel 29, the latter having the general form of a sector. The barrel 29 is provided with a collar portion 30, and carries a set screw 3l extending through this collar portion. The barrel also carries a disk 29, integral f'ith it and therefore movable, but serving` essentially as a guard or partition for protecting most of the movable parts of the lock. A spindle 32 extends through the heads 23 and 24, and is coaxial with the casing. Knobs 33 and 34 are mounted rigidly upon the ends of the shaft 32, and used for turning the saine by hand so as to move the bolt 23 bach and forth in the general direction of its length; that is, whenever the barrel 29 is free to rock, as hereinafter described.

Carried by the barrel 29 and extending loosely through the same in a direction parallel. with the shaft 32, are a number of dolly pins 35, 3G, in this instance two in numll r, so arranged that when the shaft 32 is rocked the dolly pins move bodily in arcs which are concentrio-that is they may be considered as struck from the axial line of the shaft as a center. The dolly pins 35, 3G are engaged by leaf springs 37, 33, which are secured upon the barrel by fastenings 39, 40. The barrel 29 is provided with slots 41, (see Fig. 10a) one adjacent each dolly pin, and extending through each slot are guide pins 43, 44, there being one pair of guide pins integral with or rigidly affixed to each dolly pin. The dolly pins are provided with suitably shaped ends, 35, 36a, for engaging the ward sectors of the key.

The casing 22 is provided with a p-air of guide plates 45 which have edges 46 formed into slideways. Engaging these slideways is a member 47 having the general form of a sector, and which, because of its function, I designate as a labyrinth sector. It is provided with a lug 48 integral with it, and exincense tending through this lug is a crank 49 car ried by a. revoluble shaft 50, the l-atter being journaled in bearings 5()n and provided with a small knob 5l whereby it may be rocked or turned, so as to raise and lower the labyrinth z sector. The labyrinth sector is provided with Ia number of teeth 52, 53, which are staggered as indicated in Fig. 10, and arranged in rows corresponding in number to the number of dolly pins. The teeth may, if desired, have the form indicated at the time the labyrinth sector is cast or otherwise manufactured, but preferably the teeth are first made of larger sise and uniform symmetrical shape and afterward filed or trimmed into arbitrary forms as shown in Fig. 10. Tin all cases the forms given the teeth must be related to the forms given the ward sectors of the hey, and reckoned from the latter as a. basis. ln other words, the form of the ward sectors of the key is first determined and the teeth of the labyrinth sector are shaped accordingly.

ln some instances, as shown in 1Eig. 11, I pro vide the labyrinth sector 54 with teeth of the form shown at 55, 5G, arranged in double rows, each having a crooked or asymmetrical path 57 between its teeth and extending throughout the row. Where this form of labyrinth sector is used l employ a barrel of the form shown at 58, from which guide pins 59, 60, adapted to pass between the teeth 55 or 56 of each double row, or'in other words to follow the paths 57, provided the guide pins 59, 60 which are carried by the dolly pins, are moved therewith relatively to the barrel 58 as the latter is rocked. Similarly if the labyrinth sector 47 shown in Fig. 10, be used in connection with the barrel 29 shown in Fig. 10a, the row of teeth 52 is straddled by the guide pins 43 and the row of teeth 53 is straddled by the guide pins 44. rlhus the barrel 29 1an now be rocked regardless ofthe teeth 52, 53 provided the guide pins 43, 44, under control of the dollyT pins carrying them, be moved properly in relation to the barrel 29 so as to remain astride the rows of teeth 52, 53 as the barrel is rocked.

rllhe casing 22 is provided with a key hole 6l, having any suitable shape. In this particular instance it is merely a narrow slot of arcuate forni, and at the ends of this slot are stationary guides 62. The key is shown at 63, (see Fig. 6) and is provided with edges 64 for engaging these guides 62. The key is also provided with an arcuate surface 65 and with a hole 66, into which lits a screw 67. rlhe ward sectors are provided with serrated asymmetrical surfaces 70, 71, which are formed by cutting, stamping, or ling as desired. Each ward sector thus presents a surface the contour of which can not easily be guessed, and can not be determined by calculation or by any method lio heretofore employed for ascertaining the secret of a combination. Moreover the operating surfaces of the respective ward plates are indivic'lually distinct, so that knowledge of the shape of one of them is not effectual for obtaining knowledge of the form of the other. LThe ward sectors together constitute a part of the combination for controlling the lock, and the number of permutations possible is limited only by the number of changes which m-ay be made in each and all of the ward sectors. More* over as each ward plate is shorter than the arcuate surface 65 of the key, the ward sectors may be overlapped to any desired eX- tent, dependent upon the will of the operator, before the ward sectors are secured by the screw 67 that is, before the ward sectors are drilled to accommodate the screw. Thus by shifting the relative positions in which the ward sectors may be secured to the key, the number of permutations possible may be still further increased.

lThe key 63 is provided with a shoulder 7 2 integral with it, and when the key is inserted through the keyhole 61, as indicated in Fig. 15, the shoulder 72 engages the adjacent inner surface of the casing, at the adjacent edge of the keyhole, and thus holds the key in position, the screw 67 resting upon the annular thickenedy portion of the casing 24a.

The action of the mechanism thus far discussed is as follows: The parts being assembled and arranged as described, a key is inserted through the keyhole 63. If the key is not the proper one for this individual lock, or in other words if the teeth of the labyrinth sector 47 or 54 of the lock have not been specially staggered and otherwise arranged according to the Acontour of the operating surfaces 70, 71, of the ward sectors carried by the key, any attempt to rock the shaft 32 must be ineffectual. lf any effort be made to turn either knob 33 or 34, some one of the teeth of the labyrinth sector must be directly in the path of travel of one of the guide pins carried by the drum. As the drum can not be rocked, the lock cannot be actuated. Suppose, however, that the key 63 is the proper one to control the lock, and that one of the knobs 33, 34 is turned. The rocking of the barrel is now unimpeded. rThe dolly pins, being springpressed against the ward plates 68, 69 and also partaking of the generalrocking movement of the barrel travel in zigzag or asymmetrical paths, dependent upon the forms and relative positions of the ward sectors of the key. Hence, the guide pins carried by the dolly pins dodge the teeth of the labyrinthV sectors and the shaft 32 is now free to turn or rock. The bolt 26 is thus readily slid endwise or shot by merely turning. To throw the lock out of action,

.the form of a padlock, as indicated in Figs.

12, 13, 14 and 15. The casing is shown at 73 and in this instance is cylindrical as in the door lock. No knob 51 is used, and if the casing employed be one otherwise suitable for a door lock, the knob 51 is simply removed, as indicated in Fig. 15. It is possible however in this form to have the labyrinth sector integral with the casing, or at least secured rigidly to the latter. The bolt is provided with a tongue 77. A hasp or latch 78 is mounted upon a cross pin 79y and is provided with an end portion 8O for engaging the tongue 77. The casing is provided with an opening 81 to admit the end portion 80. A disk 29a, carried by the barrel, serves as a guard for the lock mechanism generally. The hasp or latch 7 8 is held or not by the bolt 74 according to the position into which the bolt is thrust, and movements of the bolt are controllable by rocking movements of the shaft 32.

Except as otherwise designated above, the structure and action of they form shown in Figs. 12 to 16 inclusive is the same as for the other forms of the lock.

From the foregoing description it will be noted that my device as a whole is provided with combination mechanism, and that the combination is in two parts-a driven or passive part and an actuating or controlling part; and that the driven or passive partV is housed within the lock casing, while the face 70 or 71, which is purposely -made asymmetrical-that is, itsoperating surface is preferably haphazard or zigzag. Next the ward sectors are curved, one is brought to overtop the other to any desired extent, and the sectors are next secured to, and made virtually a part of, the key. This done the key is used as a master member or pattern, for working out the part of the combination housed within the lock casing; in other words for controlling the delineation tobe given to the rows of teeth carried by the labyrinth sector. y venient way to bring the labyrinth sector into conformity with the shape of theward plates is to first make the labyrinth sector,

A conif ered with chalk or the like, the labyrinth f sector is lowered gently by aid of the crank 49 so that the teeth just graze the adjacent portions of the guide pins 43, and the barrel 29 is rocked or turned back and forth. The displacement of the chalk or other marking material from the teeth of V the labyrinth sector indicates the points or portions to be cut or otherwise shaped. The alterations being made according to the markings thus produced, the part of the combination housed within the lock casing is adapted to coact with the combination part carried by the key, and this key is now the only one which can actuate this particular lock-at least as it now stands.

I do not limit myself to the exact structure shown, or to any precise use to be made of the lock, as variations both in form and action may be made Without departing from the spirit of my invention.

The bolt structure disclosed is merely representative, as any bolt of ordinary construction may be employed. lhile l show only two dolly pins and labyrinth sectors to match, the number may of course be varied as desired. In the device in its entirety suitable changes, within the scope of the mechanical skill of the locksmith and the lockmaker, may be made, the scope of my invention being commensurate with my claims.

I claim l. A lock mechanism, comprising a casing, a key to be inserted therein, a ward sector, carried by said key and having a pattern surface of arbitrary form, a labyrinth sector housed within said casing and having an operating surface mating said pattern surface of said key, a rocking barrel housed within said casing and disposed adjacent said labyrinth sector, a bolt controllable by said rocking barrel, and mechanism carried by said rocking barrel and actuated by said ward sector for controlling freedom of movement of said rocking barrel relatively to said labyrinth sector.

2. A lock mechanism comprising a casing, a key to be inserted therein, a ward sector carried by said key and having a pattern surface of asymmetrical contour, a labyrinth sector housed within said casing and having a number of teeth staggered in a predetermined path of asymmetrical form dependent i upon the contour of said pattern surface of said ward sector, a rocking barrel housed within said casing and disposed adjacent said labyrinth sector, and a bolt operatively connected with said rocking barrel and controllable thereby.

8. A lock mechanism comprising a casing, a key to be inserted therein, a ward sector carried by said key and having a pattern surface of asymmetrical contour, a labyrinth sector housed within said casing and having a number of teeth staggered in a predetermined path of asymmetrical form dependent upon the contour of said pattern surface of said ward sector, a rocking barrel housed within said casing and disposed concentric to said labyrinth sector and located adjacent the position occupied by said ward sector when said key is inserted in said casing, and a dolly pin carried by said barrel and provided with an end portion for engaging said ward sector, and a guide member carried by said dolly pin for the purpose of controlling freedom of movement of said rocking barrel relatively to said teeth of said labyrinth sector.

4. A combination lock comprising a casing, a key, a ward sector carried by said key and provided with a pattern surface, a labyrinth disposed within said casing and provided with a series of obstructions, a movable member for engaging said ward sector and controllable by the pattern surface thereof, said movable member having a portion extending into said llabyrinth and adapted to lodge against some one of said obstructions unless said pattern surface of said ward sector is specially formed to guide said movable member in a clear path of arbitrary direction through said labyrinth, actuating mechanism for shifting said movable member, and a locking member mounted movably in relation to said casing and controllable by shifting movements of said movable member.

5. A device of the character described comprising a. key, having a pattern surface, a labyrinth having an obstructive surface through which a clear path may be traced, a movable member provided with a portion for engaging said pattern surface, said movable member being provided with a portion extending into said labyrinth and adapted to followthe said clear path through said labyrinth if said pattern surface of said key has a predetermined form relatively to the form of said labyrinth, but not otherwise, and a locking member controllable by movements of said movable member.

6. A lock combination comprising a plurality of teeth normally occupying a general fixed position, an actuating member disposed adjacent said teeth and movable relatively thereto, a plurality of dolly pins carried by said actuating member and movable relatively to the same, guiding members carried by said dolly pins for lodging against said teeth except when guided so as to miss them, a key, and Ward sectors carried by said key for moving said dolly pins relatively to said actuating member in order to control said guiding members.

7. A lock combination comprising a plurality of teeth normally occupying a general fixed position, an actuating member disposed adjacent said teeth and movable relatively thereto, a plurality of dolly pins carried by said actuating member and movable relatively to the same, guiding members carried by said dolly pins for lodging against said teeth except when guided so as to miss them, a key, and a plurality of separate Ward sectors independent of each other, said Ward sectors being interchangeably connected with said key.

8. A lock combination comprising a plurality of teeth normally occupying a general ixed position, an actuating member dis* posed adjacent said teeth and movable relatively thereto, a plurality of dolly pins carried by said actuating member and movable relatively to the same, guiding members carried by said dolly pins for lodging against said teeth except when guided so as to miss them, a key, and a plurality of separate members detachably mounted upon said key and severally provided With pattern surfaces for engaging said dolly pins.

9. A lock combination comprising a plurality of teeth normally occupying a general iiXed position, an actuating member disposed adjacent said teeth and movable relatively thereto, a plurality of dolly pins carried by said actuating member and movable relatively to the same, guiding members carried by said dolly pins for lodging against said teeth except when guided so as to miss them, a key, and a plurality of Ward plates carried by said key and provided severally With pattern Vsurfaces for engaging said dolly pins, said Ward plates being staggered relatively to each other.

Signed in the presence of tivo subscribing Witnesses.

STANISLAl/V NOVVOSIELSKY.

Witnesses ALEXANDER LEVENE, ABRAHAM MANN.

Gopes of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

